DENVER (AP) - Taylor Swift's allegation that a former morning radio host reached under her skirt and grabbed her backside during a photo op is bringing attention to a common, but largely hidden, outrage for many women, one that few report.
A 2014 survey found nearly one in four women in the United States had been groped or brushed up against in a public place by a stranger at least once.
But many never talked about it, let alone went to the police. A 2015 survey of more than 16,000 people globally found more than half of the respondents outside the U.S. had been fondled or groped.
The then-girlfriend of former DJ David Mueller, who was standing with Mueller and Swift when the singer said he groped her, even testified a co-worker had grabbed her backside at another concert.
Mueller denies groping Swift and sued the singer, saying he was fired because of her false allegation.
Late Friday, just as closing arguments were set to begin, the judge threw out Mueller's claims against Swift - saying after he'd heard all of the evidence Mueller could not prove Swift had anything to do with his losing his job. U.S. District Judge William Martinez also said there was no indication that Swift had made up her story.
Even before that ruling, women around the world, not all of them fans of Swift's music, had been cheering the pop superstar for confronting the issue in federal court and keeping an unflinching attitude on the witness stand.
On social media, some are using a teal ribbon that represents opposition to sexual violence and praising Swift as an example for other women.
Paige Brasington, 21, a Swift fan from The Woodlands, Texas, said she was groped on public transportation while studying abroad and was glad Swift was giving attention to the issue with the same honesty she brings to her music.
The University of Georgia student was stunned the first time it happened to her on a crowded tram in Budapest, thinking there must have been an object pressed against her. After she reached down, she found a man's hand on her butt. He exited at the next stop. When she told a male friend, he asked if she had enjoyed it.
"The most important thing about this trial is it gets people talking about this issue," Brasington said. "It forces them to confront that it is wrong and should never happen."
Holly Kearl, founder and director of Stop Street Harassment, which commissioned the 2014 U.S. survey, said women who speak out face not being believed or being blamed for groping, something many women have reported in sharing their stories on the group's website.
Sometimes they do not know their rights or what the law says, or lack the time or energy to report it. However, sharing those stories online, especially through video, is helping show victims it is not uncommon and proves to others it is a problem, she said.
Kearl was standing outside a house after leaving a party in college when a group of men ran by and one of them grabbed her crotch.
Even though she was a domestic violence advocate and well-versed in women's issues, Kearl said she froze as the men left laughing, and she never reported it.
"It's just something that happens in our society, and if we don't challenge it, it's going to keep happening," she said.
Swift did not go to the police either. Her mother, Andrea Swift, testified they had hoped to keep the matter private and did not want it to define the singer's life.
As a star, Swift had another way to take action. Andrea Swift and other members of Swift's team pushed for Mueller to be fired, which led to his lawsuit against Swift and her representatives.
Mueller's ex-girlfriend, Shannon Melcher, testified Friday that she saw nothing happen during the brief encounter at the photo session at a Denver arena in 2013 before a Swift performance.
Swift and her legal team have pointedly framed what Mueller allegedly did to her as a sexual assault, not "inappropriate touching" as Mueller's lawyer, Gabriel McFarland, refers to it.
In Colorado, what Swift alleges is considered unlawful sexual contact or harassment, a misdemeanor, which victims have five years to report to police to prompt an investigation, said Karen Steinhauser, a former chief deputy prosecutor for the Denver District Attorney's Office. It is unclear if Swift would reconsider pursuing a criminal charge.