Olympic leader Thomas Bach's grand plan was to streamline the Olympics, cut costs and encourage more cities to try to host the Games.
Judged by the first round of bidding since the revamp, the plan, titled "Agenda 2020," has not been a success.
Only two bidders remain out of an initial list of five candidates to host the 2024 Olympics - Los Angeles and Paris. Aware of the dwindling numbers - made smaller this week with the withdrawal of Budapest, Hungary - Bach has floated the idea of giving one city the 2024 Games and the other the 2028 Games.
Leaders involved with both bids say they're focused only on 2024. Still, Bach is likely to keep his proposal afloat, in part because it could prevent a similar bid embarrassment four years down the road. The final decision will be made at an International Olympic Committee meeting in September.
Clearly, the past two decades' worth of cost overruns, underutilized stadiums and unkept promises about the Olympics' value to a host city has taken a toll. City after city - including Rome, Budapest, Hamburg, Germany and the United States' initial candidate, Boston, have pulled out of the 2024 contest due to political pressures that have largely stemmed from citizens worried about the cost and negative impact of the Games.
And yet, says Mark Dyreson, a Penn State professor who specializes in sports in society, "The Olympic movement has been here before."
"Basically, it's where it was in the 1970s and '80s, where the costs became so prohibitive and huge, the political issues were so overwhelming, that nobody wanted to bid," Dyreson said.
Last time, Los Angeles stepped in and essentially saved the Olympic movement. In the wake of terrorist attacks (1972 Munich), red ink (1976 Montreal) and a near-crippling boycott (1980 Moscow), only Tehran had (unofficially) stepped up as a potential host for the 1984 Olympics. Led by Peter Ueberroth, Los Angeles came up with a new business plan that reset the Olympic template - ramping up the sponsorship element of the Games and turning them into a money maker that is now worth billions and has, perhaps, become too unwieldy.
It didn't hurt that Los Angeles had most venues already built.
Bach sought a return to that sort of thinking with "Agenda 2020" - no billion-dollar construction projects for venues that would go unused after the Olympics - and Los Angeles has tried to honor that in its bid for 2024. More than 30 venues are already in place.
That process, according to bid insiders, has also hampered the city's ability to consider hosting in 2028, since all the venue contracts are in place for 2024 and all the bid committee's efforts are pointing toward that year. The U.S. Olympic Committee, burned consistently in the bid process during the past 15 years, also made clear in its last meeting that it had no plans for bids beyond 2024.
Russia, Qatar and Australia are among the countries looking into a 2028 bid. Those lists used to extend to as many as seven or eight cities. But those days appear to be in the past.